Hubs
A hub or concentrator is a device used to connect all of the computers on a star or ring network. A hub, is nothing more than a box with a series of cable connectors in it. Hubs are available in a variety of sizes, from four- and five-port devices designed for home and small business networks to large rack-mounted units with up to 24 ports or more. Installing a single hub is simply a matter of connecting it to a power source and plugging in cables connected to the network interface adapters in your computers. However, it's important for a network technician to understand what goes on inside a hub.
Like network interface adapters, hubs are associated with specific data-link layer protocols. Ethernet hubs are the most common, because Ethernet is the most popular data-link layer protocol, but Token Ring MAUs are hubs too, and other protocols, such as the Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) also use hubs.
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